South Africa - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Republic of South Africa. It is bounded on the south by 2,7. Southern Africa stretching along the South Atlantic and Indian Oceans. It is the southernmost country on the mainland of the Old World or the Eastern Hemisphere. It is the only country that borders both the Atlantic Ocean and the Indian Ocean. Its pluralistic makeup is reflected in the constitution's recognition of 1. However, the vast majority of black South Africans were not enfranchised until 1. Watch wild African animals in their natural. During the 2. 0th century, the black majority sought to recover its rights from the dominant white minority, with this struggle playing a large role in the country's recent history and politics. The National Party imposed apartheid in 1. After a long and sometimes violent struggle by the African National Congress and other anti- apartheid activists both inside and outside the country, discriminatory laws began to be repealed or abolished from 1. Since 1. 99. 4, all ethnic and linguistic groups have had political representation in the country's democracy, which comprises a parliamentary republic and nine provinces. South Africa is often referred to as the . However, poverty and inequality remain widespread, with about a quarter of the population unemployed and living on less than US$1. Upon formation the country was named the Union of South Africa in English, reflecting its origin from the unification of four formerly separate British colonies. Since 1. 96. 1 the long form name in English has been the . In Dutch the country was named Republiek van Zuid- Afrika, replaced in 1. Afrikaans. Republiek van Suid- Afrika. Since 1. 99. 4 the Republic has had an official name in each of its 1. Mzansi, derived from the Xhosa noun umzantsi meaning . The area is a UNESCO World Heritage site and has been termed the Cradle of Humankind. The sites include Sterkfontein, which is one of the richest hominin fossil sites in the world. Other sites include Swartkrans, Gondolin Cave. Kromdraai, Coopers Cave and Malapa. The regional intergovernmental organisation of the Republics of Kenya, Uganda and the United Republic of Tanzania, headquartered in Arusha. Has information about the EAC, conferences, events, and the text of the Treaty. Official entry point to South African government provides news and information along with background material about the land, its people and history. Includes government structures, functions, leaders, programme of action. The first hominin fossil discovered in Africa, the Taung Child was found near Taung in 1. Further hominin remains have been recovered from the sites of Makapansgat in Limpopo, Cornelia and Florisbad in the Free State, Border Cave in Kwa. Zulu- Natal, Klasies River Mouth in eastern Cape and Pinnacle Point, Elandsfontein and Die Kelders Cave in Western Cape. These sites suggest that various hominid species existed in South Africa from about three million years ago starting with Australopithecus africanus. Modern humans have inhabited Southern Africa for at least 1. Within the Vaal River valley, pebble tools have been located. The Bantu slowly moved south. The earliest ironworks in modern- day Kwa. Zulu- Natal Province are believed to date from around 1. The southernmost group was the Xhosa people, whose language incorporates certain linguistic traits from the earlier Khoisan people. Your income tax reference number is a unique 10-digit number issued by SARS to a taxpayer on registration. If you are registered, you can find your tax number as follows Welcome to MasterCard.MasterCard Worldwide manages a family of well-known, widely accepted payment cards brands including MasterCard A self-confessed fixer claims he passed on money to secure mining rights in many African countries. African history is the oldest human history in the World. From Kemet to the present great leaders have shapped Africa and world history. This page is dedicated to remembering their noble deeds, learning from their mistakes and. The African Telecommunications Union (ATU) and Iridium Communications Inc. The new membership was marked by the awarding of a certificate by. The Xhosa reached the Great Fish River, in today's Eastern Cape Province. As they migrated, these larger Iron Age populations displaced or assimilated earlier peoples. In Mpumalanga, several stone circles have been found along with the stone arrangement that has been named Adam's Calendar. Portuguese contacts. At the time of European contact, the dominant ethnic group were Bantu- speaking peoples who had migrated from other parts of Africa about one thousand years before. The two major historic groups were the Xhosa and Zulu peoples. In 1. 48. 7, the Portuguese explorer Bartolomeu Dias led the first European voyage to land in southern Africa. This was south of the furthest point reached in 1. Portuguese navigator Diogo C. Dias continued down the western coast of southern Africa. After 8 January 1. Africa without seeing it. He reached as far up the eastern coast of Africa as, what he called, Rio do Infante, probably the present- day Groot River, in May 1. Cape, which he first named Cabo das Tormentas (Cape of Storms). His King, John II, renamed the point Cabo da Boa Esperan. Helena as alternative ports of refuge. The sailors were able to survive by obtaining fresh water and meat from the natives. The Dutch transported slaves from Indonesia, Madagascar, and India as labour for the colonists in Cape Town. As they expanded east, the Dutch settlers met the southwesterly migrating Xhosa people in the region of the Fish River. A series of wars, called the Cape Frontier Wars, were fought over conflicting land and livestock interests. Great Britain took over the Cape of Good Hope area in 1. French First Republic, which had invaded the Dutch Republic. Given its standing interests in Australia and India, Great Britain wanted to use Cape Town as an interim port for its merchants' long voyages. The British returned Cape Town to the Dutch Batavian Republic in 1. Dutch East India Company having effectively gone bankrupt by 1. The British annexed the Cape Colony in 1. Xhosa; the British pushed the eastern frontier through a line of forts established along the Fish River and they consolidated the territory by encouraging British settlement. During the 1. 82. Boers (original Dutch, Flemish, German, and French settlers) and the British 1. Settlers claimed land in the north and east of the country. Conflicts arose among the Xhosa, Zulu, Sotho and Boer groups who competed to expand their territories. They migrated to the future Natal, Orange Free State, and Transvaal regions. The Boers founded the Boer Republics: the South African Republic (now Gauteng, Limpopo, Mpumalanga and North West provinces) and the Orange Free State (Free State). The discovery of diamonds in 1. Mineral Revolution and increased economic growth and immigration. This intensified the European- South African efforts to gain control over the indigenous peoples. The struggle to control these important economic resources was a factor in relations between Europeans and the indigenous population and also between the Boers and the British. Following Lord Carnarvon's successful introduction of federation in Canada, it was thought that similar political effort, coupled with military campaigns, might succeed with the African kingdoms, tribal areas and Boer republics in South Africa. In 1. 87. 4, Sir Henry Bartle Frere was sent to South Africa as High Commissioner for the British Empire to bring such plans into being. Among the obstacles were the presence of the independent states of the South African Republic and the Kingdom of Zululand and its army. The Zulu nation spectacularly defeated the British at the Battle of Isandlwana. Eventually though the war was lost resulting in the end of the Zulu nation's independence. The Boer Republics successfully resisted British encroachments during the First Boer War (1. The British returned with greater numbers, more experience, and new strategy in the Second Boer War (1. During the Dutch and British colonial years, racial segregation was mostly informal, though some legislation was enacted to control the settlement and movement of native people, including the Native Location Act of 1. The Union was a dominion that included the former territories of the Cape and Natal colonies, as well as the republics of Orange Free State and Transvaal. The amount of land reserved for indigenous peoples was later marginally increased. In 1. 93. 4, the South African Party and National Party merged to form the United Party, seeking reconciliation between Afrikaners and English- speaking . In 1. 93. 9 the party split over the entry of the Union into World War II as an ally of the United Kingdom, a move which the National Party followers strongly opposed. It strengthened the racial segregation begun under Dutch and British colonial rule. The Nationalist Government classified all peoples into three races and developed rights and limitations for each. The white minority (less than 2. The legally institutionalised segregation became known as apartheid. While whites enjoyed the highest standard of living in all of Africa, comparable to First World Western nations, the black majority remained disadvantaged by almost every standard, including income, education, housing, and life expectancy. The Freedom Charter, adopted in 1. Congress Alliance, demanded a non- racial society and an end to discrimination. Republic. On 3. 1 May 1. British- dominated Natal province rallied against the issue). As a concession to the Westminster system, the presidency remained parliamentary appointed and virtually powerless until P. Botha's Constitution Act of 1. Prime Minister and instated a near- unique . Pressured by other Commonwealth of Nations countries, South Africa withdrew from the organisation in 1. Despite opposition both within and outside the country, the government legislated for a continuation of apartheid. The security forces cracked down on internal dissent, and violence became widespread, with anti- apartheid organisations such the African National Congress, the Azanian People's Organisation, and the Pan- Africanist Congress carrying out guerrilla warfare. These measures were later extended to international sanctions and the divestment of holdings by foreign investors. In the following decade, it produced six deliverable nuclear weapons. It released Nelson Mandela from prison after twenty- seven years' serving a sentence for sabotage. A negotiation process followed. With approval from an predominantly white referendum, the government repealed apartheid legislation. South Africa also destroyed its nuclear arsenal and acceded to the Nuclear Non- Proliferation Treaty. South Africa held its first universal elections in 1. ANC won by an overwhelming majority. It has been in power ever since. The country rejoined the Commonwealth of Nations and became a member of the Southern African Development Community (SADC). In post- apartheid South Africa, unemployment has been extremely high as the country has struggled with many changes. While many blacks have risen to middle or upper classes, the overall unemployment rate of blacks worsened between 1. Home page of the SAPS Internet. Copyright @2. 01. South African Police Service (SAPS). Maintained by: SITA SAPS Webteam (SITA TIS). Best viewed at a screen resolution of 1. Most compatible with IE 7 and higher.
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