Taming of the Shrew, The . The Taming of the Shrew . Courtesy Pacific Repertory Theater and Wikimedia Commons. The Taming of the Shrew is a comedy by William Shakespeare, believed to have been written between 1. The Lord then has a play performed for Sly's amusement, set in Padua with a primary and sub- plot. Initially, Katherina is an unwilling participant in the relationship, but Petruchio tempers her with various psychological torments — the . The sub- plot features a competition between the suitors of Katherina's more tractable sister, Bianca. It has nevertheless been adapted numerous times for stage, screen, opera, and musical theatre; perhaps the most famous adaptations being Cole Porter's Kiss Me, Kate and the film 1. Things I Hate About You. Katherina's temper is notorious and it is thought no man would ever wish to marry her. On the other hand, two men – Hortensio and Gremio – are eager to marry her younger sister Bianca. However, Baptista has sworn not to allow his younger daughter to marry before Katherina is wed, much to the despair of her suitors, who agree that they will work together to marry off Katherina so that they will be free to compete for Bianca. Lucentio overhears Baptista announce that he is on the lookout for tutors for his daughters, so he has his servant Tranio pretend to be him while he disguises himself as a Latin tutor named Cambio, so that he can woo Bianca. Petruchio tells his old friend Hortensio that he has come to seek his fortune . Hearing this, Hortensio seizes the opportunity to recruit Petruchio as a suitor for Katherina. He also has Petruchio present to Baptista a music tutor named Litio (Hortensio himself in disguise). Thus, Lucentio and Petruchio, pretending to be the teachers Cambio and Litio, attempt to woo Bianca behind her father's back. Katherina allows herself to become engaged to Petruchio, and they are married in a farcical ceremony during which (amongst other things) he strikes the priest, and then takes her home against her will. British Universities Film & Video Council moving image and sound, knowledge and access. This webpage is for Dr. Several Shakespearean plays such as The Taming of the Shrew and A Midsummer Night's. Taming of the Shrew b). Gems (B) Gold (C) Oil (D) Minerals 560. English Literature 2-2011. Complete Mcq Book Help. Once there, he begins the . She is refused food and clothing because nothing – according to Petruchio – is good enough for her. The Taming of the Shrew is a comedy by William. The Taming of the Shrew (1923)'. Taming of the Shrew, by the grace of god Skanda. 1957) was a best selling author of Sinhala literature. History of English Literature by EDWARD. Finally, Katherina comes to understand Petruchio's methods of taming, and when they are on a journey to see Baptista, she willingly agrees with Petruchio that the sun is the moon, and proclaims that . They also meet Vincentio, Lucentio's father, and Katherina eagerly agrees with Petruchio when he declares that Vincentio is a woman. Hortensio marries a rich widow, and so in the final scene of the play there are three newly married couples at Baptista's banquet; Bianca and Lucentio, the widow and Hortensio, and Katherina and Petruchio. Because of the general opinion that Petruchio is married to a shrew, a quarrel breaks out about whose wife is the most obedient. Petruchio proposes a wager whereby each will send a servant to call for their wives, and whichever comes most obediently will have won the wager for her husband. Katherina is the only one of the three who comes, winning the wager for Petruchio. At the end of the play, after the other two wives have been hauled into the room by Katherina, she gives a speech on the subject of why wives should always obey their husbands, and tells them that their husbands ask only . The play ends with Baptista, Hortensio and Lucentio marvelling at Petruchio's taming of the shrew. For example, a similar tale is recorded in Arabian Nights where Harun al- Rashid plays the same trick on a man he finds sleeping in an alley, and in De Rebus Burgundicis by the Dutch historian Pontus de Heuiter, where the trick is performed by Philip the Good, i. Philip III, Duke of Burgundy. Arabian Nights was not translated into English until the mid 1. Shakespeare could have known it by word of mouth. He could also have known the Philip III story as, although De Rebus wasn't translated into French until 1. English until 1. 60. Philip III story existed in a jest book (now lost) by Richard Edwardes, written in 1. Shakespeare certainly could have known. The basic elements of the narrative are present in the 1. Castilian tale by Don Juan Manuel of the . Indeed, as with the Induction plot, the story of a headstrong woman tamed by a man was a universal and well known one, found in numerous traditions. For example, according to The Canterbury Tales by Geoffrey Chaucer, Noah’s wife was just such an individual (. Historically another such woman is Xanthippe, Socrates' wife, who is mentioned by Petruchio himself. Such characters also occur throughout medieval literature, in popular farces both before and during Shakespeare's life, and in folklore. Shroeder conjectured that the literary source for the Petruchio/Katherina story could have been William Caxton's translation of the Queen Vastis story from Livre pour l'enseignement de ses filles du Chevalier de La Tour Landry. Due to her obstinacy, the father marries her to a man who vows to tame her, despite her objections. The man takes her to his house, and begins the taming. Ultimately, the couple return to the father's house, where she lectures her sister on the merits of being an obedient wife. However, the 'taming' in this version is much more physical than in Shakespeare; the shrew is beaten with birch rods until she bleeds, and is also wrapped in the flesh of a plough horse (the Morrell of the title) which was killed specially for the occasion. A major factor in the dominance of this theory is the work of Jan Harold Brunvand. In 1. 96. 6, Brunvand argued that the main source for the play was not literary, but instead the oral folktale tradition. Specifically, Brunvand argued that the Petruchio/Katherina story represents a subtype of Type 9. Shrew- taming Complex') in the Aarne–Thompson classification system. Brunvand discovered 3. Type 9. 01 spread over all of Europe, whereas he could find only 3. Shakespeare took this story from anywhere, he most likely took it from the oral tradition. Erostrato disguises himself as Dulipo (Tranio), a servant, whilst the real servant Dulipo pretends to be Erostrato. Having done this, Erostrato is hired as a tutor for Polynesta. Meanwhile, Dulipo pretends to formally woo Polynesta so as to frustrate the wooing of the aged Cleander (Gremio). Dulipo outbids Cleander, but he promises far more than he can deliver, so he and Erostrato dupe a travelling gentleman from Siena into pretending to be Erostrato's father, Philogano (Vincentio), and to guarantee the dower. However, Polynesta is found to be pregnant with Erostrato’s child, but everyone thinks it is Dulipo's, and Damon has Dulipo imprisoned. Soon after, the real Philogano arrives, and all comes to a head. Erostrato reveals himself, and begs clemency for Dulipo. At this point, Damon realises that Polynesta truly is in love with Erostrato, and so forgives the subterfuge. Having been released from jail, Dulipo then discovers that he is Cleander's long lost son. There is no counterpart to Hortensio in the original story, although an important character named Pasiphilo has no counterpart in Shakespeare's adaptation. For example, in his 1. Oxford Shakespeare, H. J. According to the title page of A Shrew, the play had been performed recently by Pembroke's Men. When the London theatres were closed on 2. June 1. 59. 2 due to an outbreak of plague, Pembroke's Men went on a regional tour to Bath and Ludlow. The tour was a financial failure, and the company returned to London on September 2. Over the course of the next three years, four plays with their name on the title page were published; Christopher Marlowe's Edward II (published in quarto in July 1. Shakespeare's Titus Andronicus (published in quarto in 1. The True Tragedy of Richard Duke of York (published in octavo in 1. The Taming of a Shrew (published in quarto in May, 1. Oliver concludes that these four plays were reported texts sold by members of Pembroke's Men who were broke after the failed tour. As such, if they began their tour in June 1. A Shrew is a reported version of The Shrew, the assumption is that The Shrew must have been in their possession when they began their tour, as they didn't perform it upon returning to London in September, nor would they have taken possession of any new material at that time or during the tour itself. As such, Oliver believes, The Shrew must have been written prior to June 1. Bath/Ludlow tour which gave rise to A Shrew. She too focuses on the closure of the theatres on 2. June 1. 59. 2, arguing, like Oliver, that the play must have been written prior to June 1. A Shrew. She argues that a stage direction in A Shrew seems to indicate a part to be played by the minor actor Simon Jewell, who died in August 1. This places the date of composition of A Shrew as prior to August 1. The Shrew gave rise to A Shrew, it suggests that The Shrew must have been written at least several months prior to that, probably in late 1. Thompson also detects a reference to The Shrew in Anthony Chute's Beawtie Dishonour'd written under the title of Shores Wife (1. She suggests that the line, . She also cites verbal similarities between both Shrew plays and the anonymous play A Knack to Know a Knave (c. The Rose on 1. 0 June 1. She argues that if Knack borrows from both The Shrew and A Shrew, it means The Shrew must have been on stage by mid- June 1. It was republished in 1. Short for Burbie), and again in 1. Valentine Simmes for Nicholas Ling). The Shrew was not published until the First Folio of 1. The only quarto version of The Shrew was printed by William Stansby for the bookseller John Smethwick in 1. A Wittie and Pleasant comedie called The Taming of the Shrew. This quarto text was based on the 1. Greg has shown that for the purposes of copyright, A Shrew and The Shrew were treated as the same text, i. Others have defended the play by highlighting the (frequently unstaged) inductions as evidence that the play's sentiments are not meant to be taken at face value, that the entire play is, in fact, a farce. Despite this argument being hundreds of years old, however, no critical consensus has been reached.
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